Valerie j longhurst biography of mahatma gandhi

Xiansheng Liu, Xun Zhang, Marvin Dufresne, Tao Wang, Lijie Wu, Rosa Lara, Roger Seco, Marta Monge, Ana Maria Yáñez-Serrano, Marie Gohy, Paul Petit, Audrey Chevalier, Marie-Pierre Vagnot, Yann Fortier, Alexia Baudic, Véronique Ghersi, Grégory Gille, Ludovic Lanzi, Valérie Gros, Leïla Simon, Heidi Héllen, Stefan Reimann, Zoé Le Bras, Michelle Jessy Müller, David Beddows, Siqi Hou, Zongbo Shi, Roy M. Harrison, William Bloss, James Dernie, Stéphane Sauvage, Philip K. Hopke, Xiaoli Duan, Taicheng An, Alastair C. Lewis, James R. Hopkins, Eleni Liakakou, Nikolaos Mihalopoulos, Xiaohu Zhang, Andrés Alastuey, Xavier Querol, and Thérèse Salameh

Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 625–638, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-625-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-625-2025, 2025

Published in final edited form as: Pediatr Clin North Am. 2016 Dec;63(6):955–969. doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2016.07.001

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and questioning (LGBTQ) youth – a group including non-heterosexual, gender non-conforming, and gender dysphoric children, adolescents, and young adults on multiple developmental trajectories toward LGBT adulthood -- are more likely than their peers to experience stigma in the health care environment. Providing care that is affirming and inclusive – that is, care that draws on knowledge and skills enabling a health care provider to work effectively with LGBTQ youth – is critical to improve health outcomes and quality. The broader clinical environment, clinic flow and other organization functions, and administrative systems aso need to be considered in order to ensure that clinical services are welcoming. Increasingly, examining these components and the messages they send to LGBTQ youth is not simply good care, but should be the baseline standard health care organizations apply. This is particularly important since prevalence estimates reveal that LGBTQ youth are inevitably a part of every general medical practice, whether providers realize it or not.

This article begins by reviewing special considerations for the care of LGBTQ youth, then turns to systems-level principles underlying inclusive and affirming care. It then examines specific strategies that individual providers can use to provide more patient-centered care, and concludes with a discussion of how clinics and health systems can tailor clinical services to the needs of LGBTQ youth.

Special considerations in LGBTQ youth care

Ensuring high-quality care for LGBTQ youth requires providers to understand principles of caring for LGBTQ individuals as well as those of caring for young people more generally. Although most LGBTQ youth are physically and mentally healthy, certain LGBTQ y