Khalif omar ibn khattab biography

2nd Rashidun caliph from 634 to 644

"Omar" redirects here. For other people with the name, see Omar (name). For other uses, see Omar (disambiguation).

Umar ibn al-Khattab (Arabic: عُمَر بْن ٱلْخَطَّاب, romanized: ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb; c. 582/583 – 644), also spelled Omar, was the second Rashidun caliph, ruling from August 634, when he succeeded Abu Bakr (r. 632–634) as the second caliph, until his assassination in 644. Umar was a senior companion and father-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Umar has been called instrumental in the expansion of the Islamic world beyond Arabia.

Umar initially opposed Muhammad, who was his distant Qurayshite kinsman and later became his son-in-law. However, after his conversion to Islam in 616, Umar became the first Muslim to openly pray at the Kaaba. He participated in nearly all the battles and expeditions under Muhammad, who bestowed upon him the title al-Fārūq for his sound judgments. Following Muhammad's death in June 632, Umar pledged allegiance to Abu Bakr (r. 632–634) as the first caliph and served as his closest adviser. In August 634, the dying Abu Bakr nominated Umar as his successor.

Under Umar, the caliphate expanded at an unprecedented rate, conquering the Sasanian Empire and more than two-thirds of the Byzantine Empire. His attacks against the Sasanian Empire resulted in the conquest of Persia in less than two years (642–644). According to Jewish tradition, Umar set aside the Christian ban on Jews and allowed them into Jerusalem and to worship. Umar was assassinated by the Persian slave Abu Lu'lu'a Firuz in 644.

Umar is generally viewed by historians as one of the most powerful and influential Muslim caliphs in history. In Sunni Islamic tradition, he is revered as a just ruler and a paragon of Islamic virtues, with some hadiths identifying him as the second greatest of the Sahabah after Abu Bakr.^[

Contributed by Prof. Dr. Nazeer Ahmed, PhD

Summary: Summary: History bends to the will of man when it is exercised with faith and steadfastness. Omar (r) was one such man. He bent history to his will, leaving a legacy that successor generations have looked upon as a model to copy. He was one of the greatest of conquerors, a wise administrator, a just ruler, a monumental builder and a man of piety who loved God with the same intensity that other conquerors of his caliber have loved gold and wealth. The Prophet planted the seed of Tawhid. At its most elemental level, Tawhid means belief in one God. In its historical sense, it connotes a God-focused civilization, where all human effort is directed towards seeking Divine pleasure. Abu Bakr (r), with his wise intercession at an historic moment, ensured that the seed did not perish with the death of the Prophet. It was during the Caliphate of Omar (r) that the seed grew into a full-blown tree and bore fruit. Omar (r) shaped the historical edifice of Islam and whatever Islam became or did not become in subsequent centuries is due primarily to the work of this historical figure. Indeed, Omar (r) was the architect of Islamic civilization.

The achievements of Omar ibn al Khattab (r) are all the more remarkable considering that he lacked the advantage of birth, nobility or wealth that some of the other Companions enjoyed. He was born into the tribe of Bani ‘Adi, a poorer cousin amongst the Quraish. In his own words, before he accepted Islam, he was at various times a petty merchant and a shepherd who would often lose his sheep. From such humble beginnings, he rose to weld together an empire greater in extent than either that of Rome or Persia and governed it with the wisdom of a Solomon and administered it with the sagacity of a Joseph.

Upon his election to the Caliphate, Omar (r) was faced with the immediate geopolitical situation in West Asia. The Arabian Peninsula is a vast desert, except for its southwestern ti

بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيم

Praise be to God the Creator of the world, the One Who exists without beginning, without end, without location , without a “how” and Who does not depend on time. Nothing resembles Him in anyway and He hears and sees everything without organs. Whatever you imagine, God is different from that. May the elevation in degree and preservation of his community of what he fears for it, be granted to our master Muḥammad Al-‘Amin, the Honest One, who called for following Islam, the religion of truth, the religion of all the Prophets: of the First, Adam, to the last Muḥammad.

Omar Ibn Al-Khattab held a high status amongst the tribe of Quraysh before being Muslim. Prophet Muḥammad recognised this and asked Allâh to strengthen Islam by guiding Omar Ibn Al-Khattab or Abi Jahl “Amr Ibn Hisham” to embrace Islam.

The supplication of Prophet Muḥammad was answered and Omar Ibn Al-Khattab became Muslim. After the death of Prophet Muḥammad and after the death of the first Caliph Abu Bakr as-Siddiq, the Muslims appointed Omar Ibn Al-Khattab as the second Caliph.

The Caliph Omar served the Muslims greatly with his praised innovations and his benefiting projects such as the following:

Initiating the Hijjri Calendar.

Gathering people to perform the Tarawih prayer jama`ah.

Building an extension to the Masjid Al-Haram.

Furthermore, many other great historical events which Muslims of today are proud to claim as part of their heritage took place during his caliphate.

Omar Ibn Al-Khattab was man of noble attributes; he was a man of truth and dignity.

Prophet Muḥammad praised him in many of his aHadith. In one of them the Prophet said to Omar what means: « Whenever Satan approaches near to your path he turns onto another direction. »

This illustrates the strength of Omar’s faith in Allâh. In another Hadîth the prophet said what means: « Your tongue and your heart always serve in justice. »

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