Teori-teori kekuasaan menurut jock locke

Authors

• Ismail Ghonu Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Hukum Manokwari

DOI:

Abstract

ABSTRACT
Internally there is a factor in the every person to commit a crime, so that in need of institutions that can regulate the life of the community so that the life of the community so that the rights of every human being can be protected. On this based John Locke put forward the theory known of social contract theory. According to his theory the state is built on the basis of social contract between the government as the holder of power with the people as the holder of sovereignty. Governments are given the power to organize order and create an atmosphere in which the people can enjoy there natural rights safety. On the other hard the people will obey the government if the rights are guaranteed. The task of provecting human rights in society at the level of public interest in the obligation and  responsibility of the state. The duty by the state is then submitted to the law enforcement apparatus as a componen in the criminal justice system consisting of the police, prosekutors, courts and correctional institution popularized as the “criminal justice system”. As a componen of the criminal justice system, prosekutors are required to always independence from the interference of any party including the executive. However it apparently that the attorney general will find it difficult to be free from executive intervention because is structurally. The attorney general is executive power. The attorney general however as the leader of the prosecutor institution must structurally submit to has attributor the President. The independence of the prosecutor needed in order to enforce the law in on honest, fair, independent, responsible, professional and transparant manner that up holds the principles o

Dony Ramadhan

Pegiat Liberal Literasi

Platomengartikan kekuasaandalambahasaYunani,peithein,sebagai “persuasi”dan biayangberarti “paksaan” atau “kekerasan”.Jikaditelisiklebih jauh,persuasimerupakancara memengaruhiberikutmeyakinkan oranglain dengan tujuan untukmenguasai, dancaramelanggengkankekuasaantidakjarang menggunakanpaksaan serta kekerasan.BagiPlato, kekuasaanberadadi tangannegarayangdapatmenentukan kebijakan untuk rakyatnya. Menurutnya, kekuasaannegaraharuslah berdasarkan pengetahuan,bukan berdasarkan ekonomi,pangkat,atau kedudukan.KekuasaanmelaluipengetahuandianggapPlato sebagai carayangbijaksanaseperti seorangayah yang mengaturanak-anaknya.

BerbedadenganPlato,Aristoteles mengartikan kekuasaanharuslah bersumberdarihukum.DalambahasaYunani,politeia, menurutAristotelesadalah pemerintahanyang memiliki  konstitusi.PemerintahaninidianggapAristoteles sebagaipemerintahan yangpalingrealistisdanpraktisdenganhukumsebagai sumber kekuasaannya.Aristoteles juga menegaskanbahwakekuasaanharuslah berdimensietis terhadapwarganya,yaitumenghargaidanmenghormati kebebasaan dan kesetaraanderajatwarganegaranya.Sebetulnya,pemikiranPlatodan Aristoteles tidak jauhberbeda, keduanyamasih mengedepankandimensi etis,dan kekuasaanmasihberpusatpadanegarasebagaiinstitusikekuasaan.

JohnLockedalambukunya, TwoTreatisesof Civil Government,menjelaskanbahwathestateofnature  atau "keadaan alamiah” manusia pada dasarnya adalah bebas.Dalamkeadaan ini, manusia dalam situasiharmonisdan memiliki kebebasan sertakesamaanhakuntuk mengembangkan dirinya tanpa merengguthakorang lain.Namun,setelah manusia mengenalhubungan-hubungansosialdanmemilikihakkepemilikan (property right) yaitutempat tinggaldanuang,inilahyangmemicuterjadinyaperang(thestateof war).Ketidaksamaanharta kekayaanmenjadikanmanusiamengenalmajikandan budaksehingga timbul strukturhierarkis.Pada tahapini, individuakanberjuanguntuk mempertahankan kepemilikannya.

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