Academia brasileira letras ronaldinho gaucho biography

Table of contents :
Contents
List of Illustrations
Acknowledgments
Introduction: Serious Play
1. A National Game: Futebol Made Popular, Professional, and Afro-Brazilian
2. When It was Good to be Brazilian: Tropical Modernity Affirmed, –70
3. Playing Modern: Efficiency over Art, –80
4. Risky Beauty: Art and the Opening of Brazil in the s
5. The Business of Winning: Brand Brazil and the New Globalism, –
Conclusion: Mega-Brazil
Notes
Works Cited
Index

Citation preview

The publisher gratefully acknowledges the generous support of the Fletcher Jones Foundation Humanities Endowment Fund of the University of California Press Foundation.

The Country of Football

sp ort i n wor l d h istor y Edited by Susan Brownell, Robert Edelman, Wayne Wilson, and Christopher Young This University of California Press series explores the story of modern sport from its recognized beginnings in the nineteenth century to the current day. The books present to a wide readership the best new scholarship connecting sport with broad trends in global history. The series delves into sport’s intriguing relationship with political and social power, while also capturing the enthusiasm for the subject that makes it so powerful. 1. Empire in Waves: A Political History of Surfing, by Scott Laderman 2. Country of Football: Soccer and the Making of Modern Brazil, by Roger Kittleson

The Country of Football SOCCER AND THE MAKING OF MODERN BR A ZIL

Roger Kittleson

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS BERKELEY

LOS ANGELES

LONDON

University of California Press, one of the most distinguished university presses in the United States, enriches lives around the world by advancing scholarship in the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. Its activities are supported by the UC Press Foundation and by philanthropic contributions from individuals and institutions. For more information, visit University of California Press

Palabras clave

Fútbol Identidad nacional Imaginario Ensayo Intelectuales brasileños resumen: El presente artículo tiene como objetivo mostrar la manera en que la historia social del fútbol en Brasil puede servir para reflexionar sobre la «brasilidad». El texto plantea un análisis con base en el género ensayístico, tanto de autores extranjeros como brasileños, así como de una lectura de una serie de libros en Brasil dedicados a la historia y identidad acerca de los estudios del fútbol. Si el género ensayístico ha sido privilegiado por muchos intelectuales, con vistas a una comprensión totalizante del país, este mismo tipo de escritura ha sido movilizado para una interpretación de las representaciones sociales respecto a la práctica profesional del fútbol. El argumento del texto sostiene que la síntesis de identidad favorecida por la idea -de orden artística o culturalista-de un unitario «país del fútbol» termina por eludir diferencias sociales y económicas en la construcción del Brasil moderno como una «comunidad imaginada».

INtRODuCtION

In the past few years, in the context of the announcement of the FIFA World Cup in the country, the memory of Brazilian football has become a field of growing interest. We have witnessed sports journalists dedicating entire books to the biography of great players of the past. National idols and historic characters of various eras such as Charles Müller, Arthur Friedenreich, Pelé, Leônidas da Silva and Garrincha are some of the most notorious examples, as analyzed by Brazilian researchers as Leite Lopes (), Helal (, Mills (), Ribeiro (), Alfonsi () among others.

In institutional terms, sports memory has become an object of growing attention, as we may notice in the recent and successful creation of the Football Museum, based in the Pacaembu Stadium in São Paulo, in In historical perspective, it can be stre

Trajectory of football in Brazil

The history of football in Brazil began in through the English, as in most other countries. The first teams began to form during this period, but, as well as the foundation of the clubs, the practice was also restricted to the white elite. According to reports, the first football ball in the country was brought in by Charles William Miller. However, the oldest records of football in Brazil date back to , in Curitiba. The aristocracy dominated the football leagues, while the sport was gaining popularity in the countryside. Blacks and the poorer sections of the population could only watch. It was only in the s that blacks were accepted as the sport became more widespread, especially with professionalization in

Some clubs, mainly outside the Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo axis, still resisted modernization and remained amateur. However, as time went by, almost all of them became adapted to the new reality. Several traditional and established clubs abandoned the elite of the football, or even the sport altogether.

During the governments, especially Vargas, a great effort was made to promote football in the country. The construction of the Maracanã and the World Cup in Brazil (), for example, happened during the Vargas era. The victory in the World Cup, with a team led by blacks Didi and Pelé, mixed-race Vavá and Garrincha and captain Bellini, established football as the main element of national identification, gathering people of all colors, social conditions, creeds and different regions of the country.

Charles William Miller, the son of a railway company employee, is widely credited as the "father of Brazilian football". Miller, who was born in Brazil, went to England to study at Banister Court School. There, he became an admirer of football and in , when he returned to Brazil, he brought with him two balls in his suitcase.

On

REVISTA OBSERVATORIO DE LA ECONOMIA LATINOAMERICANA ISSN: Football, racism and dignity: the centenary of the historical response of the Club de Regatas Vasco da Gama and its impacts beyond the four lines Futebol, racismo e dignidade: o centenário da resposta histórica do Club de Regatas Vasco da Gama e os seus impactos para além das quatro linhas Fútbol, racismo y dignidad: el centenario de la respuesta histórica del Club de Regatas Vasco da Gama y sus impactos más allá de las cuatro líneas DOI: /oelv22n Receipt of originals: 04/16/ Acceptance for publication: 04/29/ José Alberto Lucas Medeiros Guimarães Master in Law and Justice System Institutions Institution: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito e Instituições do Sistema de Justiça da Universidade Federal do Maranhão (PPGDIR - UFMA) Address: São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil E-mail: aes@ ABSTRACT Historical reports indicate that practices similar to what is currently understood as football originated in China, around five thousand years ago. However, it was only in the 19th century, in England, that modern football began to be practiced. Although there is disagreement among historians, the most accepted thesis is that the sport was brought to Brazil by a student from São Paulo called Charles Miller (), in The sport quickly became a rage in society; however, this initial support was restricted to the Brazilian aristocracy, with the less wealthy classes being viewed with bad eyes by the elite who linked football to an imaginary of European modernity. In , however, the Club de Regatas Vasco da Gama, made up of 12 black athletes and workers – who became popularly known by the nickname “Camisas Negras” – won that year's Carioca Championship. Perplexed, Rio's football elite then imposed a series of obstacles to Vasco da Gama's participation in the following year'