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Guernica
An accurate depiction of a cruel, dramatic situation, Guernica was created to be part of the Spanish Pavilion at the International Exposition in Paris in 1937. Pablo Picasso’s motivation for painting the scene in this great work was the news of the German aerial bombing of the Basque town whose name the piece bears, which the artist had seen in the dramatic photographs published in various periodicals, including the French newspaper L'Humanité. Despite that, neither the studies nor the finished picture contain a single allusion to a specific event, constituting instead a generic plea against the barbarity and terror of war. The huge picture is conceived as a giant poster, testimony to the horror that the Spanish Civil War was causing and a forewarning of what was to come in the Second World War. The muted colours, the intensity of each and every one of the motifs and the way they are articulated are all essential to the extreme tragedy of the scene, which would become the emblem for all the devastating tragedies of modern society. En 1891, Pepe est muté en Corogne, sur la côte nord-ouest espagnole, suite à la fermeture du musée de Malaga. Il emmène avec lui sa famille. Picasso est âgé de 10 ans. Dès leur arrivée, don José inscrit Pablo à l’institut de la Guarda qui se situe dans les mêmes locaux que le musée des Beaux-Arts de la ville, mais le parcours scolaire ne l’intéresse toujours pas. À 13 ans, le jeune Picasso est confronté à un drame traumatisant. Sa sœur, Conchita, tombe malade et meurt de la diphtérie à 7 ans. Il raconte cet épisode, soixante ans après, à Françoise Gilot (sa compagne de l’époque), qui le retranscrit dans son livre « Vivre avec Picasso ». Picasso y explique qu’il souhaitait arrêter le dessin si sa sœur s’en sortait. Malheureusement pour elle, le vœu n’est pas exaucé, et le fantôme de cette promesse funèbre suit l’artiste pour le reste de sa carrière. Depuis 1892, Picasso est inscrit en classe de dessin aux Beaux-Arts de Corogne, tout en continuant sa scolarité classique. Se perfectionnant de plus en plus en dessin, il exploite de nouveaux médiums comme le pastel et le crayon. Quelques thèmes sont récurrents comme les pigeons, les mains, sa sœur Lola qui reste l’un de ses modèles préférés pendant sa jeunesse. Il confectionne des petits journaux illustrés, « La Coruna » et « Azul y Blanco ». Pablo Ruiz Picasso (25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973) was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, and theatre designer who spent most of his adult life in France. One of the most influential artists of the 20th century, he is known for co-founding the Cubist movement, the invention of constructed sculpture, the co-invention of collage, and for the wide variety of styles that he helped develop and explore. Among his most famous works are the proto-Cubist Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907) and the anti-war painting Guernica (1937), a dramatic portrayal of the bombing of Guernica by German and Italian air forces during the Spanish Civil War. Picasso demonstrated extraordinary artistic talent in his early years, painting in a naturalistic manner through his childhood and adolescence. During the first decade of the 20th century, his style changed as he experimented with different theories, techniques, and ideas. After 1906, the Fauvist work of the older artist Henri Matisse motivated Picasso to explore more radical styles, beginning a fruitful rivalry between the two artists, who subsequently were often paired by critics as the leaders of modern art. Picasso's output, especially in his early career, is often periodized. While the names of many of his later periods are debated, the most commonly accepted periods in his work are the Blue Period (1901–1904), the Rose Period (1904–1906), the African-influenced Period (1907–1909), Analytic Cubism (1909–1912), and Synthetic Cubism (1912–1919), also referred to as the Crystal period. Much of Picasso's work of the late 1910s and early 1920s is in a neoclassical style, and his work in the mid-1920s often has characteristics of Surrealism. His later work often combines elements of his earlier styles. Exceptionally prolific throughout the course of his long life, Picasso achieved universal renown and immense fortune for his revolutionary artistic accomplishments, and became one of the best-known .
Guernica has attracted a number of controversial interpretations, doubtless due in part to the deliberate use in the painting of only greyish tones. Analysing the iconography in the painting, one Guernica scholar, Anthony Blunt, divides the protagonists of the pyramidal composition into two groups, the first of which is made up of three animals; the bull, the wounded horse and the winged bird that can just be made out in the background on the left. The second group is made up of the human beings, consisting of a dead soldier and a number of women: the one on the upper right, holding a lamp and leaning through a window, the mother on the left, wailing as she holds her dead child, the one rushing in from the right and finally the one who is crying out to the heavens, her arms raised as a house burns down behind her.
At this point it should be remembered that two years earlier, in 1935, Picasso had done the etching Min La production artistique
Pablo Picasso