Shin azumi biography examples
Abstract
The sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) is a plasma membrane protein that mediates active iodide transport in thyroid and mammary cells. It is a prerequisite for radioiodide treatment of thyroid cancer and a promising diagnostic and therapeutic tool for breast cancer. We investigated the molecular mechanisms governing NIS expression in mammary cells. Here we report that Nkx-2.5, a cardiac homeobox transcription factor that is also expressed in the thyroid primordium, is a potent inducer of the NIS promoter. By binding to two specific promoter sites (N2 and W), Nkx-2.5 induced the rNIS promoter (about 50-fold over the basal level). Interestingly, coincident with NIS expression, Nkx-2.5 mRNA and protein were present in lactating, but not virgin, mammary glands in two human breast cancer samples and in all-trans retinoic acid (tRA)-stimulated MCF-7 breast cancer cells. A cotransfected dominant-negative Nkx-2.5 mutant abolished tRA-induced endogenous NIS induction, which shows that Nkx-2.5 activity is critical for this process. Remarkably, in MCF-7 cells, Nkx-2.5 overexpression alone was sufficient to induce NIS and iodide uptake. In conclusion, Nkx-2.5 is a novel relevant transcriptional regulator of mammary NIS and could thus be exploited to manipulate NIS expression in breast cancer treatment strategies.
Active transport of iodide into the thyroid gland is an essential, rate-limiting step in thyroid hormone biosynthesis. It is mediated by a specific Na/I symporter (NIS) located at the basolateral membrane of thyroid follicular cells (10).
Radioiodide therapy is the mainstay of thyroid cancer treatment. In fact, radioactive iodide is transported into cancer cells, where it exerts a local destructive effect. However, a loss of differentiation, including the loss of iodide transport, is frequent in thyroid carcinoma and results in resistance to radioiodide treatment and a poor prognosis (11). Thyroid-stimulating hormone, which stimulates NIS gene expre Ichioka, Yuji. "8. Japanese Immigrant Nationalism:: The Issei and the Sino-Japanese War, 1937–1941". Before Internment: Essays in Prewar Japanese American History, edited by Gordon H. Chang and Eiichiro Azuma, Redwood City: Stanford University Press, 2006, pp. 180-203. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781503625181-012 Ichioka, Y. (2006). 8. Japanese Immigrant Nationalism:: The Issei and the Sino-Japanese War, 1937–1941. In G. Chang & E. Azuma (Ed.), Before Internment: Essays in Prewar Japanese American History (pp. 180-203). Redwood City: Stanford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781503625181-012 Ichioka, Y. 2006. 8. Japanese Immigrant Nationalism:: The Issei and the Sino-Japanese War, 1937–1941. In: Chang, G. and Azuma, E. ed. Before Internment: Essays in Prewar Japanese American History. Redwood City: Stanford University Press, pp. 180-203. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781503625181-012 Ichioka, Yuji. "8. Japanese Immigrant Nationalism:: The Issei and the Sino-Japanese War, 1937–1941" In Before Internment: Essays in Prewar Japanese American History edited by Gordon H. Chang and Eiichiro Azuma, 180-203. Redwood City: Stanford University Press, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781503625181-012 Ichioka Y. 8. Japanese Immigrant Nationalism:: The Issei and the Sino-Japanese War, 1937–1941. In: Chang G, Azuma E (ed.) Before Internment: Essays in Prewar Japanese American History. Redwood City: Stanford University Press; 2006. p.180-203. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781503625181-012 Copied to clipboard This article is about queens regnant and other female monarchs organised geographically. For female hereditary monarchs organised alphabetically, see List of female hereditary monarchs. For non-reigning current queens, see List of current consorts of sovereigns. For female regents, see List of regents. For elected and appointed female heads of state and government, see List of elected and appointed female heads of state and government. This is a list of current and former female monarchs regardless of title, including queens regnant, empresses regnant, pharaohs and monarchs by other titles (grand duchess, princess, etc.). Consorts, such queens consort (i.e. spouses of male monarchs) are not included, see list of current consorts of sovereigns. Female regents are not included, see list of regents. The following is an incomplete list of women monarchs who are well known from popular writings, although many ancient and poorly documented ruling monarchs (such as those from Africa and Oceania) are omitted. Section 1 lists monarchs who ruled in their own right, such as queens regnant. Section 2 lists legendary monarchs. Section 3 lists monarchs who ruled in their own right, but had no official legal recognition while in power. Section 4 lists various female rulers who were referred to with the title "Chieftainess." Regents, such as queens regent, are not monarchs and are not included in this page. Page does include claimants and anti-rulers whose recognition among their subjects and legitimacy as monarchs is disputed. The Canary Islands are Spanish territories of North Africa. Peraza family Kingdom of the Canary Islands The first verified female monarch of Egypt is Sobekneferu of the Twelfth dynasty. However, queens fro Graphic Designer
8. Japanese Immigrant Nationalism:
List of female monarchs
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The title of "King/Queen of the Canary Islands" was included in the list of titles and honours of the Spanish Crown. Egypt